I just had to shoot this one myself. I came across such a photo once I think, and I was impressed by the beauty of such a simple thing.
The setup for this one was actually pretty simple, but fun to do. I used a yellow cleaning cloth as a backdrop, a desklamp with a yellow filter on the right, shining through the lemon from the back, a small flashlight to illuminate the white rim from the front, a piece of white sheet on the left to reflect some of the yellow desklamp light, and a halogen lamp overhead (at a few meters) with a yellow filter as well.
Applied USM, and a little saturation to accentuate the overall yellow color.
I really like the tones that you were able to produce! I agree with the commentors I would have really liked to see the "crispness" of the lemon, lemon just screams crisp to me *as my mouth starts to do the lemon thing* :-) great shot though.
I like the backdrop being an off color compared to the lemon as it brings out the highlights in the lemon. I probably would have removed some or all of the seeds as I find them a tad distracting. I also have to agree with Makka that the focus is soft. Nicely done and very creative.
Interesting lighting setup but it seems to work! My only gripe is that it looks a tad soft and the crop seems a bit cramped. The lemon colour comes out very well with the way you have arranged it. It's always fun I think to be inspired by another photo that you have seen! Well done!